In This lesson we will talk about the Necessitative mood in Turkish and other forms to express necessity or obligation.
It's going to be a long lesson but the topic is rather vaste and requires more room than usual.
Don't get bored!!! Let's go!!!
In the converstion the speakers talks about traın statıons and trips by train and what a traveller should know about it.
Put attention to the necessitative forms (in red).
You will also familiarize with new words and expressions as well as review some of the grammar subjects you should be already familiar with.
"Büyük şehirlerdeki tren istasyonları çok büyüktür.Her saat birçok tren gelir ve gider.İstasyonda her zaman yüzlerce insan vardır. Bu yüzden bazı insanlar kaybolur ve bazıları da treni kaçırırlar.Yolculuğa çıkmadan önce yr ayırtmak gerekir. Böylece trende bir yeriniz var demektir.Rezervasyonu telefonla yaptırabilirsiniz,fakat bileti bir gün önce almalısınız. Bileti zamanında almazsanız,iptal ederler v bir başkasına verirler.
Bagajlarınızı bagaj odasına bırakabilirsiniz.Beraberinizde taşımak zorunda değilsiniz."
VOCABULARY/SÖZLÜK
Şehir,kent: City
Her saat: Every hour
Birçok tren: Many trains
Yüzlerce: Hundreds
Bu yüzden: For this reason
Kaçırmak: To miss (referring to a transportation mean)
Almazsanız: If you don't get,take (this is an example of Conditional Tense)
Kaybolmak: Get lost
Yolculuk: Trip, voyage, journey
Yer ayırtmak: To book, to make a reservation
Iptal etmek: To cancel
Vermek: To give
Taşımak: To carry
Beraberinizde: Whit you
Zamanında: On time
Bir başkasına: To someone else
GRAMMAR NOTES
The Necessitative mood in Turkish can be expressed in different ways.
The most common way to express obligation is through the use of the suffixes -MALI -MELİ to be attached to infinitive stems ending in -MAK or -MEK respectively.
The negative form is obtained by attaching the negative suffixes -MA or -ME between the infinitive stem and necessitative suffixes: -MAMALI -MEMELİ
To conjugate the tense, personal suffixes are to be added to necessitative suffixes.
Let's see a few examples:
Bakmak - to see
-malı- Suffix
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| bakmalıyım | I ought to see/I must see | bakmamalıyım | I ought not to see |
| bakmalısın | You ought to see/You must see | bakmamalısın | You ought not to see |
| O bakmalı(dır) | He ought to see/He must see | O bakmamalı(dır) | He ought not to see |
| bakmalıyız | We ought to see/we must see | bakmamalıyız | We ought not to see |
| bakmalısınız | You ought to see/you must see | bakmamalısınız | You ought not to see |
| bakmalı(dır)lar | They ought to see/They must see | bakmamalı(dır)lar | They ought not to see |
Girmek - to enter
Similarly for the E-Dotted Group of Verbs (where because of Vowel Harmony Rules the Suffix of Obligation takes its dotted form -li-) - girmek - to enter - will become girmeli- for the Positive and girmemeli- for the Negative
-meli- Suffix
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| girmeliyim | I ought to enter | girmemeliyim | I ought not to enter |
| girmelisin | You ought to enter | girmemelisin | You ought not to enter |
| O girmeli(dir) | He ought to enter | O girmemeli(dir) | He ought not to enter |
| girmeliyiz | We ought to enter | girmemeliyiz | We ought not to enter |
| girmelisiniz | You ought to enter | girmemelisiniz | You ought not to enter |
| girmeli(dir)ler | They ought to enter | girmemeli(dir)ler | They ought not to enter |
Hereby the conjugation of the Necessitative in different tenses:
Memorize the constructions.To do so it is fundamental that you repeat them several times.
Also try other verbs you have already learnt.
To go: Gitmek
Affirmative Form - Present Tense
| |
|---|---|
| Ben gitmeliyim | I must go |
| Sen gitmelisin | You ought to go |
| O gitmeli(dir) | He, She, It should go |
| Biz gitmeliyiz | We have to go |
| Siz gitmelisiniz | You have got to go |
| Onlar gitmeli(dir)ler | They have to go |
Interrogative Present Tense
| |
|---|---|
| Ben gitmeli miyim? | Must I go? |
| Sen gitmeli misin? | Ought you to go? |
| O gitmeli mi? | Should he go? |
| Biz gitmeli miyiz? | Have we to go? |
| Siz gitmeli misiniz? | Have you got to go? |
| Onlar gitmeliler mi? | Have they got to go? |
Negative Form - Present Tense
| |
|---|---|
| Ben gitmemeliyim | I must not go |
| Sen gitmemelisin | You ought not to go |
| O gitmemeli | He should not go |
| Biz gitmemeliyiz | We have not to go |
| Siz gitmemelisiniz | You have not got to go |
| Onlar gitmemeliler | They have not got to go |
Negative Form - Interrogative Present Tense
| |
|---|---|
| Ben gitmemeli miyim? | Must I not go? (Mustn't I go?) |
| Sen gitmemeli misin? | Ought you not to go? (Oughtn't you to go?) |
| O gitmemeli mi? | Should he not go? (Shouldn't he go?) |
| Biz gitmemeli miyiz? | Have we not got to go? (Haven't we (got) to go?) |
| Siz gitmemeli misiniz? | Have you not to go? (Haven't you to go?) |
| Onlar gitmemeliler mi? | Have they not got to go? (Haven't they got to go?) |
Past Definite
Necessitative Past Definite - Relates to an actual situation - I should have gone.., He must have gone.., etc..
Affirmative Form Past Tense Definite
| |
|---|---|
| Ben gitmeliydim | I must have gone |
| Sen gitmeliydin | You ought to have gone |
| O gitmeliydi | He should have gone |
| Biz gitmeliydik | We had to go |
| Siz gitmeliydiniz | You had got to go |
| Onlar gitmeliydiler | They had to go |
Affirmative Form - Interrogative Past Tense Definite | |
|---|---|
| Ben gitmeli miydim? | Must I have gone? |
| Sen gitmeli miydin? | Ought you to have gone? |
| O gitmeli miydi? | Should he have gone? |
| Biz gitmeli miydik? | Had we to go? |
| Siz gitmeli miydiniz? | Had you got to go? |
| Onlar gitmeliler miydi? | Had they got to go? |
Negative Form - Statement Past Tense Definite
| |
|---|---|
| Ben gitmemeliydim | I must not have gone |
| Sen gitmemeliydin | You ought not to have gone |
| O gitmemeliydi | He should not have gone |
| Biz gitmemeliydik | We had not to go |
| Siz gitmemeliydiniz | You had not got to go |
| Onlar gitmemeliydiler | They had not got to go |
Negative Form - Interrogative Past Tense Definite
| |
|---|---|
| Ben gitmemeli miydim? | Must I not have gone? (Mustn't I have gone?) |
| Sen gitmemeli miydin? | Ought you not to have gone? Oughtn't you to have gone?) |
| O gitmemeli miydi? | Should he not have gone? (Shouldn't he have gone?) |
| Biz gitmemeli miydik? | Had we not got to go? (Hadn't we got to go?) |
| Siz gitmemeli miydiniz? | Had you not got to go? (Hadn't you got to go?) |
| Onlar gitmemeliler miydi? | Had they not got to go? (Hadn't they got to go?) |
Past Indefinite
Necessitative Past of Presumption - relates to an assumption - I suppose that I should have gone, I suppose that he should have gone, etc.
Affirmative Form - Statement of Presumption
| |
|---|---|
| Ben gitmeliymişim | (I suppose that) I must have gone |
| Sen gitmeliymişsin | (I believe that) you ought to have gone |
| O gitmeliymiş | (Presumably) he should have gone |
| Biz gitmeliymişiz | (In reality) we had got to go |
| Siz gitmeliymişsiniz | (It seems that) you had to go |
| Onlar gitmeliymişler | (Probably) they had got to go |
Question of Presumption
| |
|---|---|
| Ben gitmeli miymişim? | Ought I to have gone? (at all?) |
| Sen gitmeli miymişsin? | Should you have gone? (possibly?) |
| O gitmeli miymiş? | (I wonder?) Did he have to go? |
| Biz gitmeli miymişiz? | (I wonder?) Did we have to go? |
| Siz gitmeli miymişsiniz? | (It seems that?) Did you have to go? |
| Onlar gitmeli miymişler? | (Surely by now?) Must they have gone? |
Negative Form - Statement of Presumption
| |
|---|---|
| Ben gitmemeliymişim | (I suppose that) I must not have gone. |
| Sen gitmemeliymişsin | (I believe that) you ought not to have gone. |
| O gitmemeliymiş | (Presumably) he should not have gone. |
| Biz gitmemeliymişiz | (In reality) we had not got to go. |
| Siz gitmemeliymişsiniz | (It seems that) you had not to go. |
| Onlar gitmemeliymişler | (Probably) they did not have to go. |
Negative Form - Interrogative of Presumption
| |
|---|---|
| Ben gitmemeli miymişim? | Ought I not to have gone? (at all?) |
| Sen gitmemeli miymişsin? | (I think that?) Should you not have gone? |
| O gitmemeli miymiş? | (I wonder?) Did he not have to go? |
| Biz gitmemeli miymişiz? | (I wonder?) Had we not got to go? |
| Siz gitmemeli miymişsiniz? | (It seems that? ) Did you not have to go? |
| Onlar gitmemeli miymişler? | (Surely?) must they not have gone? |
Hovewer there are in Turkish other ways to express obligation or necessity.
The first way is to use the noun zor - trouble, difficulty, worry, problem,difficult, hard
zorunda kalmak [zor-u-nda = "in the problem"] - to be left no choice but (to do something)
zorunda olmak- to have to, be obliged to (do something)
We can also use the arabic word mecbur - necessity, need to..
mecbur olmak /-a/ {demands a Motion Towards Object) - to be forced to, be obliged to, have to (do something).
mecbur kalmak -/a/ {demands a Motion Towards Object) - to feel obliged to, feel that one has to (do something).
Use of lâzım - need or gerek - necessity as an auxiliary.
Benim kitap okumam lâzım - [lit: My reading book is needed] - means - I should read a book- that's why we use "-im" - "my" to personalize the sentence.
Benim kitap okumam lâzım or Benim kitap okumam lâzım
Senin kitap okuman lâzım or Senin kitap okuman lâzım
Ali'nin kitap okması lâzım or Ali'nin kitap okması lâzım
Bizim kitap okumamız lâzım or Bizim kitap okumamız lâzım
Sizin kitap okumanız lâzım or Sizin kitap okumanız lâzım
Onların kitap okuması (or okumaları) lâzım or Onların kitap okuması (or okumaları) lâzım.
The Possessive Personalized "-in" is used with both gerek and lâzım but not with -meli,-malı tense suffix.
Turkish gerek (from gerekmek-to need) is generally used instead of the Arabic lâzım, although the latter is largely used in daily conversation.
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