In this lesson we will focus on some particular constructions: the Gerunds.
They express the adverbial form of the verbs and Turkish is particularly rich of.
We already met a few of them. Do you remember the adverbial clauses ...(i)ken in
Lesson 43 and ...ir .....mez in Lesson 49 ?
There are other forms based either on the infinitive stem or the infinitive tense itself
There are other gerund based on the infinitive stem itself.
We will see them in more details.
In the conversation, the speaker tells about a family going to seaside. The script is not provided at this stage for a better practice on listening.
VOCABULARY/SÖZLÜK
Geçen yaz: Last summer
Sahil, kıyı: Shore,seafront
Yola çıkmak:To depart, to leave, to set off
Mola: break
yorulmadan: Without getting tired
Atlamak: To jump
Vazgeçmek: To give up
Tam o sirada: At the very moment
Ses: Voice
Imdat! : Help!
Bağırmak: To shout
Hızla: Quickly, rapidly
Kurtarmak: To rescue, to save
Ismarlamak: To order (food, drink...)
Yürüyüş yapmak: To go for a walk, to take a stroll
Koşmak: To run
Dalmak: To dive
Acıktım: To be hungry
GRAMMATICAL NOTES
Without getting back to what I mentioned at the beginning of this lesson let's go now a little bit more into details about other forms of gerunds in Turkish.
The are fomed by using specifc suffixes we are going to see below.
GERUND PATTERNS
consecutive-conjunctive
This gerundive if formed by attaching the following suffixes to the infinitive stem:
-(y)ip, -(y)ıp, -(y)up , -(y)üp (remeber that vowel harmony applies here)
This pattern correspond to the English construction : And,...and then
Examples:
Kedi eti kapıp kaçtı : The cat grabbed the meat and run away
Para alıp gitti: He took the money and left.
Subsequential
This gerund has the same function as " Since" in English.
It obtained by attaching th suffixes -(y)eli, -(y)alı to the ınfınıtıve stem.
Remember that here applies the vowel harmony.
Examples:
Istanbul'dan ayrılalı iki yıl oldu: It has been two years since I left Istanbul
Italyaya gideli iki hafta oldu: It has been two weeks since I went to Italy
Coordinating
This gerund hs the same function as ....-ing, by.......ing in English.
Expresses a secondary action while the main one is in progress.
Is obtained by attaching the suffixes -(y)erek, -(y)arak to the infinitive stem.
Examples:
Ali elini sallayarak beni selamladı: Ali greeted me by waving his hand.
Selin işe yürüyerek gidiyor: Selin goes to work on feet.
end of Part 1.
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