Lesson 51:Main forms of gerunds in Turkish-Part 1.Passage: "At the seaside"-"Deniz kenarında"

In this lesson we will focus on some particular constructions: the Gerunds.
They express the adverbial form of the verbs and Turkish is particularly rich of.
We already met a few of them. Do you remember the adverbial clauses ...(i)ken in
Lesson 43 and ...ir .....mez in Lesson 49 ?

There are other forms based either on the infinitive stem or the infinitive tense itself
There are other gerund based on the infinitive stem itself.
We will see them in more details.

In the conversation, the speaker tells about a family going to seaside. The script is not provided at this stage for a better practice on listening.

VOCABULARY/SÖZLÜK

Geçen yaz: Last summer

Sahil, kıyı: Shore,seafront

Yola çıkmak:To depart, to leave, to set off

Mola: break

yorulmadan: Without getting tired

Atlamak: To jump

Vazgeçmek: To give up

Tam o sirada: At the very moment

Ses: Voice

Imdat! : Help!

Bağırmak: To shout

Hızla: Quickly, rapidly

Kurtarmak: To rescue, to save

Ismarlamak: To order (food, drink...)

Yürüyüş yapmak: To go for a walk, to take a stroll

Koşmak: To run

Dalmak: To dive

Acıktım: To be hungry

                                                   GRAMMATICAL NOTES

Without getting back to what I mentioned at the beginning of this lesson let's go now a little bit more into details about other forms of gerunds in Turkish.

The are fomed by using specifc suffixes we are going to see below.

GERUND PATTERNS

consecutive-conjunctive

This gerundive if formed by attaching the following suffixes to the infinitive stem:

-(y)ip, -(y)ıp, -(y)up , -(y)üp (remeber that vowel harmony applies here)

This pattern correspond to the English construction : And,...and then

Examples:

Kedi eti kapıp kaçtı : The cat grabbed the meat and run away

Para alıp gitti: He took the money and left.

Subsequential

This gerund has the same function as " Since" in English.

It obtained by attaching th suffixes -(y)eli, -(y)alı to the ınfınıtıve stem.

Remember that here applies the vowel harmony.

Examples:

Istanbul'dan ayrılalı iki yıl oldu: It has been two years since I left Istanbul

Italyaya gideli iki hafta oldu: It has been two weeks since I went to Italy

Coordinating

This gerund hs the same function as ....-ing, by.......ing in English.

Expresses a secondary action while the main one is in progress.

Is obtained by attaching the suffixes -(y)erek, -(y)arak to the infinitive stem.

Examples:

Ali elini sallayarak beni selamladı: Ali greeted me by waving his hand.

Selin işe yürüyerek gidiyor: Selin goes to work on feet.

end of Part 1.