Let's now see another tense: The Subjunctive , also known as Optative (Istek tipi).
This tense is commonly used to express a wish, a desire.
In the following conversation a foreigner is looking for the American Hospital and ask for information.
As in the conversation there is a sup-up of what you have been studying so far,you may note that the script is not provided this time. Listen to it carefully and memorize new words and expressions.
GRAMMAR NOTES
Let's see how to form this tense and its conjugation.
The Subjunctive Mood Sign is -a or -e which is added to the infinitive stem - according to Vowel Harmony Rules: If the bare verb stem ends in a vowel then the Subjunctive Mood Sign becomes -ya or -ye (Uses buffer letter -y-)
The Personal Endings for the Subjunctive mood are as follows:
Subjunctive Mood Sign is -e for verbs whose last vowel is -e, -i, -ö, -ü
Mood Sign -a is used for verbs whose last vowel is -a, -ı, -o, -u
As the Mood Sign is -a or -e - Then it follows that there are only two forms of the Personal Endings as shown above for the Subjunctive (again due to vowel harmony rules).
The Singular Personal suffixes - Subjunctive
-eyim- let me or -ayım- let me-esin - let you or -asın - let you
-e - let him or -a - let him
The Plural Personal suffixes - Subjunctive
-elim- let us or -alım - let us-esiniz - let you or -asınız - let you
-eler- let them or -alar- let them
All the above will use buffer letter -y- when being added to a verb stem ending in a vowel.
Thus -eyim becomes -yeyim [after a vowel] etc
bekleyeyim - [bekle-y-eyim] - let me wait
almayalım - [alma -y -alım] - let us not take
Consequently it can be seen that all negative verbs will have this buffer letter as the negative verb end in a vowel.
Exception:
The third person singular and plural also have an ending suffix -sin and -sinler.This is the same ending used to form the Imperative mode ( Lesson 17 ).INFINITIVE ENDING IN -MEK (E-DOTTED VERBS)
gelmek - to come - becomes - gel-e-yim - I better come
geleyim - let me come, I better come
gelesin - let you come, you should come along
gele - let him come, he should come
gelelim - let us come, we better come
gelesiniz - let you come, you come along
geleler - let them come, they ought to come too
INFINITIVE ENDING IN -MAK (A-DOTTED VERBS)
bakmak - to look - becomes - bak-a-yım - let me look
koşmak - to run - koşasın - let him run
bulmak - to find - bula - let him find
çıkmak - to leave - çıkalım - lets go!
kaçmak - to escape, to leave - kaçasınız - off you go!
korkmak - to be afraid - korkalar - let them fear
Stems ending in vowels
In the case of verb stems which end in a vowel -(including all negative verbs) - then -ye or -ya is used - (buffer letter -y)aramak - to look for - arayalım - [ara -ya -lım] - let us look for (it)
beklemek - to wait, to expect - bekleyeyim - [bekle -ye -yim] - let me wait etc.
The Negative Form of all the above then become:
gitmemek - not to go - gitmeyelim - lets not go
bakmamak - not to look - Ahmet mektubu bakmaya - Let Ahmet not look at the letter
-This is not an order but a wish - Hopefully Ahmet will not look at the letter, but
bulmamak - not to find - bulmayalar - Hopefully they won't find it.
beklememek - not to wait - beklemeyeyim - I'd better not wait.
Subjuctive - Interrogative
The Interrogative Particle mi? or mı? is written separately but obeys Vowel Harmony Rules:geleyim mi? - should I come (too)?
yürüyelim mi? - should we walk?
yürümeyelim mi? - shouldn't we walk?
gideler mi? - Should they go (then)?
Subjunctive - Past Tense
The Past tense of the Subjunctive Mood gives the sense of: I wish that I had, If only we had, etc. And the negative: I wish that I hadn't, If only they hadn't.etc.Then adding the Definite Past Tense personal endings the to Subjunctive Mood base we arrive at:
gideydim [gide -idim] - if only I had gone
Ahmet gelmeyeydi [gelmeye -idi] - If only Ahmet hadn't come (along) - The spelling gelmiyeydi is also found.
arayaydık [araya -idik] - If only we had looked for (it)
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